Which defensive measures are included in Active AMD?

Active Air and Missile Defense (AMD) focuses on measures that directly engage and neutralize airborne threats before they can reach their intended targets. This can include the use of surface-to-air missiles, fighter aircraft, and other interceptive systems designed to destroy or incapacitate hostile aerial threats, thus providing immediate protection to assets and personnel on the ground.

The essence of Active AMD lies in its proactive approach, which contrasts with passive measures that do not engage the threat directly. While surveillance and reconnaissance operations play a crucial role in identifying and tracking potential threats, and logistical support is important for sustaining operations, these functions do not constitute active measures to negate the threats. Passive warning systems, while essential for alerting personnel to impending danger, do not engage or destroy the threats themselves.